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Inverters - Sizing, Installation and ABYC Standards
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INVERTERS
An inverter is a power electronic device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC); the converted AC can be at any required voltage and “frequency” with the use of appropriate transformers, switching, and control circuits.
Inverters
are usually used to supply AC power from DC sources such as solar panels or
batteries. It will be useful for emergency electric source
HOW
INVERTERS WORK
DC power, from a hybrid
battery for example, is fed to the primary
winding in a transformer within the inverter housing. Through an electronic
switch (generally a set of semiconductor transistors), the direction of the
flow of current is continuously and regular broken (the electrical charge
travels into the primary winding, then abruptly reverses and flows back out).
Output
Signal
According
to output voltage form they could be rectangle, trapezoid or sine shaped. The
most expensive, yet at the same time the best quality inverters, output voltage
in sine wave.
There
are three basic types of dc-ac converters depending on their output waveform: square wave, modified sine-wave, and
pure sine wave.
(see the diagram below)
Get here the Marine Electricity Handbook where you can find all the information on this and many other topics.
A
true sine-wave inverter produces output with the lowest total
harmonic distortion (normally below 3%).
It is
the most expensive type of AC source, which is used when there is a need for
clean sinusoidal output for some sensitive devices such as medical equipment,
laser printers, stereos, etc.
For Zero interference and hum, pure
sine-wave inverters are available at significantly higher cost.
Input
Power Vs Output Power
Early inverters for the consumer market
were used mainly for mobile applications like boats and recreation vehicles,
and most were designed for 12-volt DC battery ignition systems.
Due to an upper capacity limit of
approximately 200 amps for the internal power components and heavy welding
cables that were being used for connecting typical mobile 12-volt systems,
2,400 watts was about the largest capacity inverter that could be made for
these applications (12V x 200A = 2,400 W).
Learn more in the following video
Sizing
an Inverter Battery Bank
Watts
= Volts x Amps.
Battery
capacity is expressed by the amount of Amps per hour that a battery can
deliver to support the load applied.
For a
12-Volt inverter system, each 100 Watts of the inverter load requires
approximately 10 DC Amps from the battery
For a
24-Volt inverter system, each 200 Watts of the inverter load requires
approximately 10 DC Amps from the battery.
The
first step is to estimate the total Wattsof load, and how long the load needs to operate.
The first step is to estimate the total Wattsof
load, and how long the load needs to operate .
This can be determined by looking at the
input electrical nameplate for each appliance or piece of equipment and adding
up the total requirement.
For example, a full-sized refrigerator
(750-Watt compressor), running 1/3 of the time would be estimated at 250
Watts-per-hour.
After
the load and running time is established, the battery bank size can be
calculated.
The
first calculation is to divide the load (in Watts) by 10 for a 12-Volt system or by 20 for a 24-Volt system resulting
in the number of Amps required from the battery bank..
The
batteries will need to deliver 24 Amps to run the refrigerator (240 Watts/10
Volts = 24Amps/Hr).
If
you want to ask questions about this matter directly to Mr. Lopez, or
want to receive remote troubleshooting for your boat, schedule a video
call with Mr. Lopez.
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Semiconductors A semiconductor is a material with properties of metal and nonmetal. In other words, it is a material that depending on external conditions (i.e. pressure or temperature) works as a good conductor of electricity or like an isolator. Elements like carbon, silicon, and germanium are good examples of semiconductors. Any of various solid crystalline substances, such as germanium or silicon, have electrical conductivity greater than insulators but less than good conductors and are used especially as a base material for computer chips and other electronic devices. Carbon, silicon, and germanium (germanium, like silicon, is also a semiconductor) have a unique property in their electron structure -- each has four electrons in its outer orbital. This allows them to form ice crystals. The four electrons form perfect covalent bonds with four neighboring atoms, creating a lattice. In carbon, we know the crystalline form as diamond. In silicon, the crystalline form is a silvery, me
How to install a Marine Generator To Install a new generator successfully follow these steps: 1.- Size the capacity of the generator in Kw according to the capacity of the AC Panel in Kw, plus 20% for the safety factor. 2.- Analyze different places in the engine room to install de generator, avoiding: - Proximity to propellers - Locations over the waterline (More than 2 feet) - Long distances in between the trough full valve and the raw water pump. - Proximity of the exhaust gases pipe with cabin grills (Less than 15 in) - Excessive separation between the battery and the Genset 3.- Prepare fittings, hoses, and filters to install the fuel system 4.- Prepare Hoses, elbows adapters, and Muffler to install the exhaust system (Take into consideration antisiphon devices and Water separators). 5.- Prepare battery cables. Size those cables according to the distance in between the battery and the starter. Always install a Battery switch selector. 6.- Ask the owner his preference to install t
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